Kalantas

Scientific name
Toona calantas
Family Name
Meliaceae
Its local name in different regions
Local Name Place
Ample Batanes
Bantinan Cagayan
Bantinan Mt. Province
Danupra Ilocos Norte
Danupra Zambales
Lanipga Bicol
Lanipga Cebu

Conservation Status

Data Deficient

IUCN

EX
EW
CR
EN
VU
NT
LC

Vulnerable

DAO

EX
EW
CR
EN
VU
NT
LC
1/526
2/526
3/526
4/526
5/526

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Kalantas can reach up to:

Height

25 m

Diameter

150 cm

Outer bark yellowish to dark brown, lenticillate when young, deeply fissured to flaky when mature; inner bark light brown
Leaves odd-pinnate, alternate or spiral, 30-50 cm long, often clustered at ends of twigs; leaflets opposite, oblong or broadly lanceolate, about 12 x 5 cm, base truncately rounded and inequilateral, apex acute to acuminate; lateral nerves 10-15 pairs
Flowers small, in axillary or terminal panicles.
Fruit is a capsule, ellipsoid or oblongoid, 3-4 cm long, subwoody, dehiscing form apex towards the base, the outer surface lenticelled, with a 5-ridged central column; seeds densely packed, 20-30 x 3-6 mm, unequally winged on each end.
0-600
Flowering June-August Fruiting September-November Seed collection February-march
MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL: 1500-2300 mm (60-90 in) RAINFALL PATTERN: It grows best in climates with bimodal and uniform rainfall patterns. DRY SEASON DURATION (consecutive months with <40 mm [1.6 in] rainfall): 0-4 months, very drought resistant. MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE: 26-27°C (79-81°F) MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF HOTTEST MONTH: 23-33°C (73-91°F) MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF COLDEST MONTH: 20-31°C (68-88°F) MINIMUM TEMPERATURE TOLERATED: 17°C (63°F) SOIL TEXTURE: The tree grows in light, medium, and heavy soils. SOIL DRAINAGE: I. bijuga can grow in soils with free drainage as well as soils with impeded drainage and seasonally waterlogged soils. SOIL ACIDITY: It tolerates soils with neutral and alkaline acidity (pH 6.1-7.4+). SPECIAL SOIL TOLERANCES: I. bijuga tolerates shallow, saline, sodic, and limestone (calcareous) soils and is commonly found growing on almost soilless limestone outcrops Environmental tolerances of the species is summarized below: DROUGHT: It seems to be particularly tolerant of drought, especially the physiological drought characteristic of well drained, rocky limestone habitats. FULL SUN: It grows well in full sun in exposed situations. SHADE: The tree tolerates 0-75% shade. FROST: I. bijuga does not tolerate freezing temperatures. WATERLOGGING: It seems to withstand a high degree of waterlogging, as it is a common component on the inner margins of mangroves and in riparian vegetation. SALT SPRAY: It has a high tolerance of salt spray, although it is rarely found in the outermost zone of coastal vegetation. WIND: I. bijuga is very resistant to wind damage and well adapted to strong gusts in coastal locations and on rock outcrops. OTHER: The tree withstands termite attack. (Reference: Thaman et al. 2006)
Primary forests at low and medium altitudes.
SEED SOWING: seeds can be sown in seedbeds spaced at 1 cm apart. TRANSPLANTING: Transplant seedlings after 55 days in plastic bags; provide watering and regular weeding; hardening by gradual exposure to full light and reduced watering should be done 2 months before outplanting.

Seeds

MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL: 1500-2300 mm (60-90 in) RAINFALL PATTERN: It grows best in climates with bimodal and uniform rainfall patterns. DRY SEASON DURATION (consecutive months with <40 mm [1.6 in] rainfall): 0-4 months, very drought resistant. MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE: 26-27°C (79-81°F) MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF HOTTEST MONTH: 23-33°C (73-91°F) MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF COLDEST MONTH: 20-31°C (68-88°F) MINIMUM TEMPERATURE TOLERATED: 17°C (63°F) SOIL TEXTURE: The tree grows in light, medium, and heavy soils. SOIL DRAINAGE: I. bijuga can grow in soils with free drainage as well as soils with impeded drainage and seasonally waterlogged soils. SOIL ACIDITY: It tolerates soils with neutral and alkaline acidity (pH 6.1-7.4+). SPECIAL SOIL TOLERANCES: I. bijuga tolerates shallow, saline, sodic, and limestone (calcareous) soils and is commonly found growing on almost soilless limestone outcrops Environmental tolerances of the species is summarized below: DROUGHT: It seems to be particularly tolerant of drought, especially the physiological drought characteristic of well drained, rocky limestone habitats. FULL SUN: It grows well in full sun in exposed situations. SHADE: The tree tolerates 0-75% shade. FROST: I. bijuga does not tolerate freezing temperatures. WATERLOGGING: It seems to withstand a high degree of waterlogging, as it is a common component on the inner margins of mangroves and in riparian vegetation. SALT SPRAY: It has a high tolerance of salt spray, although it is rarely found in the outermost zone of coastal vegetation. WIND: I. bijuga is very resistant to wind damage and well adapted to strong gusts in coastal locations and on rock outcrops. OTHER: The tree withstands termite attack. (Reference: Thaman et al. 2006)

Cuttings

Primary forests at low and medium altitudes.

Planting

SEED SOWING: seeds can be sown in seedbeds spaced at 1 cm apart. TRANSPLANTING: Transplant seedlings after 55 days in plastic bags; provide watering and regular weeding; hardening by gradual exposure to full light and reduced watering should be done 2 months before outplanting.

WOOD USES: For high-grade cigar boxes, furniture and cabinet works; piano cases musical instruments, interior finish (sheathing and ceiling), carving and sculpture, paddles and light oars, drawing boards, wardrobe and clothes chests, insect boxes, dugout canoes, planking and the interior finish of pleasure boats and small launches NON-WOOD USES: Medicinal: Flower decoctions for antipasmodic. Bark decoctions have astringent and antiseptic properties.

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